The Bhagavad Gita, an ancient Hindu text, is a fascinating extract of the Mahabharata, a much larger epic. It’s a captivating dialog between Krishna, a Hindu god, and Arjuna, a warrior reluctant to enter battle. Interestingly, Krishna appears as Arjuna’s chariot driver, a unique twist that adds depth to their conversation.
In the early part of the dialog, Krishna contradicts Arjuna’s hesitation to enter the battle, even though many of Arjuna’s relatives are on the opposing side. He tells Arjuna that since he is of the warrior class, it is his destiny to do what needs to be done without attachment. It is his calling. He reminds Arjuna of the Hindu concept of samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth, and that by killing the opposition, he is only sending them on their next cycle. It isn’t a compelling argument for those of us in the West.
The latter half of the Gita is relevant to considering how virtues have been described throughout history.
Within this context, the Bhagavad Gita discusses 26 virtues, each with unique significance. The first three, in particular, are identified as the pre-eminent virtues, commanding our respect and admiration.
1. Fearlessness—This can be described as attachment to the things that bind us to our lives, such as family, property, and other possessions. The thought of losing them causes us fear.
2. Purity of Heart—We should purge our lives and minds of all that is unclean and negative.
3. Steadfastness—We recognize the divinity within us and constantly focus on that truth through meditation.
4. Charity: The giving of alms and mindfulness of those who come into your presence and need your attention.
5. Self-restraint – Control of the external senses so as not to be overly excited by pleasurable stimuli.
6. Sacrifice – Worship of the gods and the various religious rights.
7. Study of the scriptures – This would be the Vedas and Upanishads for the Hindus. The primary objective is to learn of the divinity within each individual and our transcendental nature.
8. Austerity – Abstinence, honesty, and avoiding gossip and unpleasant talk.
9. Straightforwardness – Maintain a transparent personality. Allow people to know you.
10. Ahimsa – Cause no harm to any living creature.
11. Truth – Always speak the truth.
12. Absence of anger – Never hold on to angry feelings and let them possess you.
13. Renunciation – Act honorably while avoiding the feeling of satisfaction for your efforts.
14. Peacefulness – Maintain a still mind and quiet disposition.
15. Absence of judgment – Do not look for fault in others and judge them accordingly.
16. Compassion towards all beings – Respect life.
17. Absence of greed.
18. Gentleness – Patience
19. Modesty – Humility or lack of vanity.
20. Absence of restlessness – be consistent in your beliefs and behaviors.
21. Radiance of character – Your inner spiritual convictions should show in your outward presence.
22. Forgiveness – Recognize that all others share our weaknesses.
23. Fortitude – Face the trials of life with strength and courage.
24. Purity – Free yourself from jealousy, anger, pride, and all troubles of the heart.
25. Absence of Hatred – The same as Christ’s final commandment, “Just love each other as I have loved you.”
26. Absence of pride – We are all equal in God’s eyes.
The Hindu tradition is comprehensive and contains a veritable treasure chest of wisdom, truth, beauty, and inspiration. Many notable individuals in the West have found guidance and enlightenment in the Upanishads. I strongly recommend their study as you travel your journey.
Namaste.
